Friday, 8 November 2013

Reflection


Source: canbhol.com.au
 
 
This course has provided many insights on the issues of publication and design.

As a blogger, I have learnt that it is important for the blog to be well-designed to engage the attention of the audience. The layout must be well designed in order to ease the audiences’ reading paths (Kress and Van Leeuwen 1998). This will encourage them to keep coming back for more postings. It is important to understand that readers want prose that are well-written and designed appropriately to accommodate reading on a screen (Shriver 1997). Blogs should include typographic and spatial cues that are comprehensible. Audiences would then be able to perceive and organize their thoughts based on the messages shown on the document (Shriver 1997). The blog must not be too cluttered with words and headings should be clear to ease reading. This same principle applies with designing a print document.

References

Kress, G and Van Leeuwen, T 1998, ‘Front pages: the critical analysis of newspaper layout’, Blackwell, Oxford,pp. 287

Schriver, KA 1997, ‘The interplay of words and pictures’, Dynamics in document design: creating texts for readers, Wiley Computer Pub., New York.

Sexualization of Women in Advertising


Source: acu.edu

A research conducted on the covers of Rolling Stone magazines found that 11 percent of men and 44 percent of women on the covers of Rolling Stone were sexualized in the 1960s. There was a huge increase in the figures when it was found that 17 percent of men and 83 percent of women were sexualized in the 2000s (Nauert 2011). There is an increase in the percentage of young men that wanted TV advertisements to be sexy, from 14 percent to 30 percent (Devine 2004). These advertisements focused on breasts, limited attire or hypersexualized images of the women to sell their products. These figures are alarming as the sexualisation of women in advertising hinders the healthy development of young ladies (American Psychological Association 2010). 

The article entitled ‘Sexualisation of women in ads a social norm’ states that ‘women continue to be portrayed as objects of sexual desire in advertisements’. There are high tendency for advertisements to depict women in an unflattering light. I think that these kinds of advertisements are unrealistic, distasteful and disrespectful to women.

The sexualisation of girls in advertisements hinders the healthy development of a young lady in many areas (American Psychological Association 2010). These advertisements can undermine a girl’s confidence and she will not feel satisfied with her own body. When they compare themselves with the impossible cultural standard for attractive and sexy appearances, they may be subjected to feelings of inadequacy and shame (Wolf 1991). This is because these advertisements portray an unrealistic image of an ideal women’s sexual attractiveness.

 

In addition to that, these sexualisation of women in advertisements can generate feelings of disgust towards their physical bodies. These may lead to serious mental health problems in young ladies, such as eating disorders, depression and low confidence.

 

In conclusion, parents and other family members can help girls interpret the advertisements that include sexualization of women in ways that reduce or prevent harm. Results from a field study suggested that parents can play a role in influencing the way their children interpret sexual content on television (Collins et al 2003). Young girls would then be able to understand that the sexualization of women in advertisements is unrealistic and inappropriate. Furthermore, advertisers must understand the negative consequences of the sexualisation of women in advertisements to young girls and stop depicting women in unflattering light in advertisements.

 

References
 

American Psychological Association 2010, ‘Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls’, Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf>


Collins, R.L., Elliot, M., Berry, S., Kanouse, D.E., and Hunter, S 2003, ‘Entertainment television as a healthy sex-educator: The impact of condom-efficacy information in a episode of “Friends”’, Pediatrics, pp.1115-1121

Devine, M 2004, ‘New sexism’, Sunday age: Sunday life, pp. 15-17

Kanyakumari, D 2013, ‘Sexualization of women in ads a social norm’, The Star, posted 19 September, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/09/19/sexuality-women-in-ads.aspx>

Nauert, R 2011, ‘Media’s growing sexualization of women’, Psych Central, posted 11 August, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/08/11/medias-growing-sexualization-of-women/28539.html>

Wolf, N 1991, The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women, Anchor Books, New York

The eBook Phenomenon


Source: images.dailytech.com
 
According to Gray (2013), the number of old-fashioned books borrowed from libraries has gone down by almost 13 million to 287.5 million in the last year. The number of e-books that are taken out of libraries has more than doubled to 563,000 in 2011/12. According to ‘Fifty Shades of Grey boosts book trade’, eBooks are just a new custom and they are not replacing physical book sales. Popular fictions such as Fifty Shades of Grey and The Hunger Games have significantly contributed to the large increase in eBooks sales. Ebooks for non-fiction and reference books have also increased by 95% in 2012. In my opinion, it is possible that eBooks will take over printed sales in the near future.

EBooks provide many advantages to readers. Firstly, eBooks allow mobile and convenient reading (Snowhill 2001). The eBooks are convenient because readers would be able to read them anywhere and at anytime. Readers can optimize their reading time as they can read from any of the portable devices (Lam et al 2008). Users can search a book store, buy a book and even start reading within a few minutes. Furthermore, eBooks are considerably cheaper than the physical books. The cost of papers and cover is eliminated. Besides that, an eBook device allows the user to carry hundreds of books with them at a time, with the weight of just one (Sweet n.d.).

Moreover, there is an increasing trend in education to use real world authentic information that is available through eBook formats. Teachers and students use many eBooks as reference and textbooks nowadays. Students have constant access to educational resources and even personal reference libraries (Cavanaugh 2002). Some students tend to enjoy reading when they can connect it to technology. They also tend to read the eBooks faster when they are enjoying it.

In conclusion, eBooks will not take over the world just yet as studies have shown that people may feel that it is too tiring to read long texts on a small computer screen. In order for the eBooks market to be sustainable, a considerable development of standards and technologies are needed (Lam et al 2008). After all these developments, eBooks will most probably take over the printed book sales in the future.

References

Cavanaugh, T 2002, ‘EBooks and accommodations: is this the future of print accommodation?’, Teaching Exceptional Children, vol. 35, no.2, pp.56-61

Flood, A 2013, ‘Fifty shades of grey boosts book trade’, The Guardian, posted 1 May, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/01/fifty-shades-of-grey-boosts-book-trade>
 
Gray, L 2013, ‘Is it the end of the book as libraries close and e-books take over?’, The Telegraph, posted 8 February, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9855941/Is-it-the-end-of-the-book-as-libraries-close-and-e-books-take-over.html>
Lam, P, Lam SL, Lam, J and McNaught, C 2009, ‘Usability and usefulness of eBooks on PPCs: How students’ opinions vary over time’, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 30-44, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet25/lam.html>

Snowhill, L 2001, ‘E-books and their future in academic libraries’, D-Lib Magazine, vol. 7, no. 7/8, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk/lis-journals/dlib/dlib/dlib/july01/snowhill/07snowhill.html>


Sweet, N n.d., ‘Are e-books taking over the printed world?’, Teen Ink, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://teenink.com/opinion/current_events_politics/article/211256/Are-E-books-Taking-Over-the-Printed-World/>
 

Plagiarism


Souce: digest.stjohns.edu
According to the Psychological Record study (1997), 36% of undergraduates have plagiarized written material. Another 66% of 16,000 prestigious universities students in U.S. have cheated at least once, according to a study conducted by Rutgers University (Check For Plagiarism n.d.). It is an alarming issue that for the past ten years, plagiarism in students’ papers has increased (Kelly 2011). Students find it easier to just ‘cut and paste’ as there is no need to retype the text.

The article entitled ‘Confessions of a Plagiarist’ talks about how Media Watch caught Tanveer Ahmed, a psychiatrist and Fairfax columnist, plagiarizing in his columns. Tanveer Ahmed explains how he lost sight of it when he was putting things together by using lots of copy and paste and writing around it for his research. Many people, other than journalists have the tendency to commit the plagiarism crime. In my opinion, students have to be taught about this issue. Plagiarism is becoming an alarming issue in the education industry and it may be increasing due to the advancements of technology and internet.

According to the Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary, plagiarism is defined as “take and use another person’s thoughts, writings, inventions as one’s own”. However, research shows that not many students have accurate ideas about what constituted plagiarism. Some students think it is “adequate acknowledgement” by merely supplying a list of references or bibliography in their assignments (Sutherland-Smith 2008).

Furthermore, some students are not prepared for tertiary education (Sutherland-Smith 2008). They have poor time management skills, leaving their work till the very last minute. They will eventually decide to plagiarize other people’s work just to get their assignments done on time. Moreover, some students find it hard to summarize key ideas in complex readings. This will lead to students caught for plagiarizing the whole idea of someone else’s work.

Teachers and lecturers have to guide students and let them know what constitutes plagiarizing. Proper referencing and citation has to be taught in order to reduce plagiarism. Teachers can exercise small assessment tasks to build the skills to summarize main ideas from complex readings. Students have to understand that plagiarism is often damaging in terms of public perception of the standards of academic excellence of the university or college (Sutherland-Smith 2008).  

References

Aedy, R 2012, ‘Confessions of a plagiarist’, Media Report, posted 19 October, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/mediareport/confessions-of-a-plagiarist/4321306#transcript>
 
Check for Plagiarism n.d., ‘Cyber plagiarism & statistics’, Academic Paradigms, LLC, viewed 7 November 2013,  <http://www.checkforplagiarism.net/cyber-plagiarism>
 
Kelly, T 2011, ‘College plagiarism reaches all time high: Pew study’, The Huffington Post, posted 9 January, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/01/college-plagiarism-all-ti_n_944252.html>
 
Sutherland-Smith, W 2008, Plagiarism, the internet, and student learning: improving academic integrity,Taylor and Francis

YouTube vs Traditional TV


Source: swim.com.au


Eric Schmidt of Google claims that YouTube has already overtaken traditional TV (Legge 2013). YouTube’s search engine ranks second in popularity after Google. In recent months, YouTube managed to claim an audience of 1 billion unique visitors per month (Legge 2013). In 2011, Neilsen estimates that American viewers spend about 32 hours and 47 minutes watching traditional TV and much less time on the internet watching videos. The article entitled ‘Traditional TV has survived the net threat, but for how much longer?’ by John Naughton reports that viewers may no longer be able to distinguish videos that are made for TV and YouTube in the future. Google, who owns YouTube, have future plans for YouTube, which may pose as a serious threat to the TV industry (Naughton 2012).

In my opinion, YouTube does not pose a threat to traditional TV due to the different context of use and the amount of time users spend on YouTube.

The context of use for YouTube and traditional TV is different. YouTube is used as an alternative when traditional TV is not available. It is most useful when users are on the move and not at home because YouTube can be accessed from anywhere and at anytime. YouTube is only used at home when the users want to do a quick check up or listen to music. It is also used as a personal media device if the TV set is not nearby (Oksman et al 2007). 

Furthermore, the amount of time spent on YouTube is usually much shorter than the amount of time spent on conventional TV (Oksman et al 2007). YouTube requires an online internet connection therefore; users tend to get distracted by other online websites or social media. Users typically watch shorter lengths videos on YouTube and longer movies on the TV. Users will only watch films and longer programs on YouTube when the traditional TV is not available (Oksman et al 2007).

In conclusion, I don’t think that YouTube will pose as a threat to the traditional TV. After all, reports show that consumers spend less than three hours on YouTube per month (Simply Zesty Limited n.d.). This shows that people still watch TV the traditional way.

References                                                                    

Legge, J 2013, ‘That’s already happened: Google’s Eric Schmidt says YouTube has already overtaken traditional TV’, The Independent, posted 5 May, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/thats-already-happened-googles-eric-schmidt-says-youtube-has-already-overtaken-traditional-tv-8601048.html>

Naughton, J 2012, ‘Traditional TV has survived the net threat, but for how much longer?’, The Observer, posted 15 January, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/15/john-naughton-tv-versus-youtube>

Oksman, V, Noppari, E, Tammela, A, Makinen, M and Ollikainen, V 2007, Mobile TV in Everyday Life Contexts – Individual Entertainment or Shared Experiences, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 215-225

Simply Zesty n.d., ‘Online TV grows in popularity, but still playing catch-up with traditional media’, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.simplyzesty.com/Blog/Article/January-2012/Online-TV-Grows-In-Popularity,-But-Still-Playing-Catch-up-with-Traditional-Media>

Thursday, 3 October 2013

Starbucks - A Well Designed Website







 

Web design is a ‘continuously evolving field’. It is important to have a webpage that is well-designed in order to ease the readers’ reading paths and also for the business to stay at the top.

 

 
Starbucks has a well-designed webpage. There were an increasing number of visitors who were accessing the site on mobile devices. This created a need for a better mobile site. Therefore, Starbucks has created a more responsive design which is equally functional across platforms. The new site is very functional as it allows visitors to locate the Starbucks stores and check the gift card balances from their phone. (Website Magazine 2013).

Readers wanted prose that are well-written and designed appropriately to accommodate reading on the screen (Shriver 1997). The headings on the Starbucks website have short and direct descriptions right below them. This will ease customers understanding on what the links on the headings are for.
The design should include typographic and spatial cues that are comprehensible. Readers will find it easier to perceive, organize, remember and enjoy those messages (Shriver 1997). The typefaces used by Starbucks are clear and easy to be read. The green colour used for the headings are consistent with the colour used nationwide for the brand. The headings are well-organized, even the links at the bottom of the page.
 References:
 
Starbucks 2013, viewed 29 September 2013,  <http://www.starbucks.com/> 

Website Magazine 2013, 'The webs most gorgeously designed websites', viewed 29 Sepetember 2013, <http://www.websitemagazine.com/content/blogs/posts/archive/2013/05/09/the-web-s-most-gorgeously-designed-websites.aspx#sthash.cmYki95n.dpuf>
Schriver, K.A. 1997, Chapter 6: The interplay of words and pictures, Dynamics in document design, Wiley Computer Publication, New York, pp. 361-441
 

The Rise of Instagram


(Source: www.debaird.net)


(Source: http://www.warriorforum.com)

 

 
Instagram is a social network for sharing photos with people around the world. Instagram, recently bought by Facebook, allows participants to capture, edit and share pictures through this application. Users can provide feedback by clicking on the ‘like’ button through comments (Prives 2012). Instagram also uses ‘hashtags’ to group pictures under the same topic. This allows users to go through pictures posted by other people and share their interests with the other users. Users can conveniently upload the photos that reflect their personal lives through their smartphones. As can be seen, the Instagram user base size has increased tremendously in the last two years.
Instagram could possibly change the world of photography. People who do not usually take pictures of their everyday life encounters, began to develop creativity and an interest in photography. Some may have even gone further and pursue an education in photography. Instagram also gives users the opportunity to meet new people and learn about different cultures through the pictures posted by users from different countries. (Prives 2012).
Furthermore, businesses are starting to use Instagram as a means to promote their businesses. Instagram can serve as a convenient platform to introduce and promote new products to the world at large. This enables business owners to create a deep relationship and bond with their customers. Besides that, it is absolutely free! (Wiggs 2013)
For example, Burberry posts images of London, where the company is based and backstage pictures from photoshoots through Instagram as they know that their followers are interested in all these. Besides that, Burberry also posts the images of their merchandise on their Instagram account. (Austin 2013).  
References
Prives, G. 2012, ‘Instagram and its impact on the world of photography’, Digital Photography School, viewed 29 September 2013, <http://digital-photography-school.com/instagram-and-its-impact-on-the-world-of-photography>
Austin, C. 2013, ‘These 20 brands have mastered the use of instagram’, viewed 29 September 2013, posted 10 January, <http://www.businessinsider.com/these-20-brands-have-mastered-the-use-of-instagram-2013-1?op=1#ixzz2gCoU7dIq>
 

 




Blog Credibility


When you read through a blog, how do you know it is reliable? Have you ever wondered if you should trust the contents of a certain blog? Who wrote them?


A blog is considered a credible source when the readers trust the information on the blog. Readers who trust the blogs will return to the sites regularly. The familiarity with the blogs increases the credibility of the blog (Azzollini 2012).

The information on a blog is trusted when there are repeated exposures of the same information from different sources. A reliability model suggests that frequent exposure to many sources online allows readers to confirm the information that they have read. References and links from other sources help in verifying the judgements and generating trust (Finn and Zuniga 2011). 

In order to keep the readers interested, blogs posts should be focused on a few specific subjects that is interesting to your readers.  Thorough planning needs to be done to create credible and fascinating content. It is best to take advice from experienced people, such as journalists (Azzollini 2012).

Furthermore, there should be a regular schedule for publishing (Azzollini 2012). This will build and keep the attention of the readers. The regular frequency of the postings can establish reliability for the readers. Readers will become familiar with the blogs and continue returning to the site. Reliability helps to establish the communities’ trust. 

References

Finn, J. and Zuniga H.G 2011, ‘Online credibility and community among blog users’, ASIST, New Orleans, viewed 29 September 2013, <http://www.asis.org/asist2011/proceedings/submissions/110_FINAL_SUBMISSION.pdf>

Azzollini, S. 2012, ‘Building credibility with online communities: Tips from professional news rooms’, viewed 29 September 2013, posted 1 March, <http://blog.prnewswire.com/2012/03/01/building-credibility-with-online-communities-tips-from-professional-news-rooms/>

Blogs VS Social Media

(Source: http://blogger-hints-and-tips.blogspot.com)

‘Social media has saved blogging from stagnation and extinction’ (Bullas 2012).

Social media increased online sharing and encouraged the discovery of bloggers. Users of social media can distribute content efficiently to their social network of friends and followers. Through these social media, users can search for people who have an interest on the same topics. With this, blogs on similar topics that are shared on social media websites can be found easily (Bullas 2012). Besides that, the sharing of a blog post on social media websites helps in increasing the number of subscribers to the blog. The links from social media websites can be useful in having the blog posts indexed quickly by search engines (Sbabzy n.d.).
Social media provides many opportunities for bloggers. Bloggers can create a blog which is its own brand through social media websites. Bloggers can create a community on social media websites around their blog. This allows bloggers to earn serious profits by marketing affiliate products to the communities (Sbabzy n.d).

Besides that, it is expected that the future of blogging will join forces with major internet companies, for example: Facebook. Facebook will have its own blogging platform that is fully integrated into its site. Users will find it easy to use the blogging platforms in these social media website (Sbabzy n.d).

Furthermore, VLOGS (video blogs) is the next generation of blogging. There is an increasing trend of vlogs that are shared through social media websites. Bloggers will create more video blogs that are shared more often through social media websites than traditional blog posts (Sbabzy n.d).

References

Bullas, J. 2012, ‘Blogging statistics – facts and figures’, JeffBullas, viewed on 29 September 2013, <http://www.jeffbullas.com/2012/08/02/blogging-statistics-facts-and-figures-in-2012-infographic/#1W0f8lWZYMc7pMtd.99>

Sbabzy, n.d., ‘The Future of Blogging: Will Blogging be Dead in 2020?’, viewed on 29 September 2013, <http://sbabzy.com/the-future-of-blogging-will-blogging-be-dead-in-2020/ >

The Blogging Phenomenon


Blogging started in the 1990’s as a sanctuary for people to share their interests, hobbies and thoughts online. For some people, blogging is for self fulfillment and self discovery. Bloggers can improve their creative writing skills when they update their blogs regularly (Bullas 2012). Furthermore, blogs allow collaboration between bloggers when they exchange their views on a particular subject of interest.

 
Nowadays, blogs are used for businesses. 32% of the brands surveyed for Technorati Media Digital Report 2013 stated they have a presence on blogs. Blogs are used to introduce a company’s products and services. Companies can share information quickly to the readers through blogging. Blogging has relatively low starting and operational costs which can help a company to reduce expenses. It can also help establish higher search engine ranking.

 
Furthermore, blogging can be used as a platform for consumers to gather information. Consumers search for reviews on blogs when they want to purchase something, making it the third most influential digital resource for overall purchase. Blogs are considered the fifth most trustworthy online sites.

 
Bloggers can also earn money through blogs. From Technorati Media (2013), 64% of influencers make revenue from blogging. Most bloggers’ reported income was a result of advertising (61% banner, 51% text). Nearly half of influencers are paid for a sponsored post or article. For example, in Malaysia, Bangsar Babe is paid for the reviews on the restaurants or hotels on the blog.

 
Do you blog? If you do, why do you blog?

 

References

Bullas, J. 2012, ‘What are the ten secret benefits of blogging?’, JeffBullas, viewed on 29 September 2013,< http://www.jeffbullas.com/2012/07/06/what-are-the-10-secret-benefits-of-blogging/>

 
Technorati Media 2013, Digital Influence Report, <http://technorati.com/business/article/technorati-medias-2013-digital-influence-report/>

Purpose

This weblog is created to provide and share information on the current media issues in publication and also the principles of good document design and layout. This blog will also help readers to understand the effects of social media on their social life. This weblog is targeted at college and university students who take in interest in publication, communication and design.