Friday, 8 November 2013

Reflection


Source: canbhol.com.au
 
 
This course has provided many insights on the issues of publication and design.

As a blogger, I have learnt that it is important for the blog to be well-designed to engage the attention of the audience. The layout must be well designed in order to ease the audiences’ reading paths (Kress and Van Leeuwen 1998). This will encourage them to keep coming back for more postings. It is important to understand that readers want prose that are well-written and designed appropriately to accommodate reading on a screen (Shriver 1997). Blogs should include typographic and spatial cues that are comprehensible. Audiences would then be able to perceive and organize their thoughts based on the messages shown on the document (Shriver 1997). The blog must not be too cluttered with words and headings should be clear to ease reading. This same principle applies with designing a print document.

References

Kress, G and Van Leeuwen, T 1998, ‘Front pages: the critical analysis of newspaper layout’, Blackwell, Oxford,pp. 287

Schriver, KA 1997, ‘The interplay of words and pictures’, Dynamics in document design: creating texts for readers, Wiley Computer Pub., New York.

Sexualization of Women in Advertising


Source: acu.edu

A research conducted on the covers of Rolling Stone magazines found that 11 percent of men and 44 percent of women on the covers of Rolling Stone were sexualized in the 1960s. There was a huge increase in the figures when it was found that 17 percent of men and 83 percent of women were sexualized in the 2000s (Nauert 2011). There is an increase in the percentage of young men that wanted TV advertisements to be sexy, from 14 percent to 30 percent (Devine 2004). These advertisements focused on breasts, limited attire or hypersexualized images of the women to sell their products. These figures are alarming as the sexualisation of women in advertising hinders the healthy development of young ladies (American Psychological Association 2010). 

The article entitled ‘Sexualisation of women in ads a social norm’ states that ‘women continue to be portrayed as objects of sexual desire in advertisements’. There are high tendency for advertisements to depict women in an unflattering light. I think that these kinds of advertisements are unrealistic, distasteful and disrespectful to women.

The sexualisation of girls in advertisements hinders the healthy development of a young lady in many areas (American Psychological Association 2010). These advertisements can undermine a girl’s confidence and she will not feel satisfied with her own body. When they compare themselves with the impossible cultural standard for attractive and sexy appearances, they may be subjected to feelings of inadequacy and shame (Wolf 1991). This is because these advertisements portray an unrealistic image of an ideal women’s sexual attractiveness.

 

In addition to that, these sexualisation of women in advertisements can generate feelings of disgust towards their physical bodies. These may lead to serious mental health problems in young ladies, such as eating disorders, depression and low confidence.

 

In conclusion, parents and other family members can help girls interpret the advertisements that include sexualization of women in ways that reduce or prevent harm. Results from a field study suggested that parents can play a role in influencing the way their children interpret sexual content on television (Collins et al 2003). Young girls would then be able to understand that the sexualization of women in advertisements is unrealistic and inappropriate. Furthermore, advertisers must understand the negative consequences of the sexualisation of women in advertisements to young girls and stop depicting women in unflattering light in advertisements.

 

References
 

American Psychological Association 2010, ‘Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls’, Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf>


Collins, R.L., Elliot, M., Berry, S., Kanouse, D.E., and Hunter, S 2003, ‘Entertainment television as a healthy sex-educator: The impact of condom-efficacy information in a episode of “Friends”’, Pediatrics, pp.1115-1121

Devine, M 2004, ‘New sexism’, Sunday age: Sunday life, pp. 15-17

Kanyakumari, D 2013, ‘Sexualization of women in ads a social norm’, The Star, posted 19 September, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/09/19/sexuality-women-in-ads.aspx>

Nauert, R 2011, ‘Media’s growing sexualization of women’, Psych Central, posted 11 August, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/08/11/medias-growing-sexualization-of-women/28539.html>

Wolf, N 1991, The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women, Anchor Books, New York

The eBook Phenomenon


Source: images.dailytech.com
 
According to Gray (2013), the number of old-fashioned books borrowed from libraries has gone down by almost 13 million to 287.5 million in the last year. The number of e-books that are taken out of libraries has more than doubled to 563,000 in 2011/12. According to ‘Fifty Shades of Grey boosts book trade’, eBooks are just a new custom and they are not replacing physical book sales. Popular fictions such as Fifty Shades of Grey and The Hunger Games have significantly contributed to the large increase in eBooks sales. Ebooks for non-fiction and reference books have also increased by 95% in 2012. In my opinion, it is possible that eBooks will take over printed sales in the near future.

EBooks provide many advantages to readers. Firstly, eBooks allow mobile and convenient reading (Snowhill 2001). The eBooks are convenient because readers would be able to read them anywhere and at anytime. Readers can optimize their reading time as they can read from any of the portable devices (Lam et al 2008). Users can search a book store, buy a book and even start reading within a few minutes. Furthermore, eBooks are considerably cheaper than the physical books. The cost of papers and cover is eliminated. Besides that, an eBook device allows the user to carry hundreds of books with them at a time, with the weight of just one (Sweet n.d.).

Moreover, there is an increasing trend in education to use real world authentic information that is available through eBook formats. Teachers and students use many eBooks as reference and textbooks nowadays. Students have constant access to educational resources and even personal reference libraries (Cavanaugh 2002). Some students tend to enjoy reading when they can connect it to technology. They also tend to read the eBooks faster when they are enjoying it.

In conclusion, eBooks will not take over the world just yet as studies have shown that people may feel that it is too tiring to read long texts on a small computer screen. In order for the eBooks market to be sustainable, a considerable development of standards and technologies are needed (Lam et al 2008). After all these developments, eBooks will most probably take over the printed book sales in the future.

References

Cavanaugh, T 2002, ‘EBooks and accommodations: is this the future of print accommodation?’, Teaching Exceptional Children, vol. 35, no.2, pp.56-61

Flood, A 2013, ‘Fifty shades of grey boosts book trade’, The Guardian, posted 1 May, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/01/fifty-shades-of-grey-boosts-book-trade>
 
Gray, L 2013, ‘Is it the end of the book as libraries close and e-books take over?’, The Telegraph, posted 8 February, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9855941/Is-it-the-end-of-the-book-as-libraries-close-and-e-books-take-over.html>
Lam, P, Lam SL, Lam, J and McNaught, C 2009, ‘Usability and usefulness of eBooks on PPCs: How students’ opinions vary over time’, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 30-44, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet25/lam.html>

Snowhill, L 2001, ‘E-books and their future in academic libraries’, D-Lib Magazine, vol. 7, no. 7/8, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk/lis-journals/dlib/dlib/dlib/july01/snowhill/07snowhill.html>


Sweet, N n.d., ‘Are e-books taking over the printed world?’, Teen Ink, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://teenink.com/opinion/current_events_politics/article/211256/Are-E-books-Taking-Over-the-Printed-World/>
 

Plagiarism


Souce: digest.stjohns.edu
According to the Psychological Record study (1997), 36% of undergraduates have plagiarized written material. Another 66% of 16,000 prestigious universities students in U.S. have cheated at least once, according to a study conducted by Rutgers University (Check For Plagiarism n.d.). It is an alarming issue that for the past ten years, plagiarism in students’ papers has increased (Kelly 2011). Students find it easier to just ‘cut and paste’ as there is no need to retype the text.

The article entitled ‘Confessions of a Plagiarist’ talks about how Media Watch caught Tanveer Ahmed, a psychiatrist and Fairfax columnist, plagiarizing in his columns. Tanveer Ahmed explains how he lost sight of it when he was putting things together by using lots of copy and paste and writing around it for his research. Many people, other than journalists have the tendency to commit the plagiarism crime. In my opinion, students have to be taught about this issue. Plagiarism is becoming an alarming issue in the education industry and it may be increasing due to the advancements of technology and internet.

According to the Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary, plagiarism is defined as “take and use another person’s thoughts, writings, inventions as one’s own”. However, research shows that not many students have accurate ideas about what constituted plagiarism. Some students think it is “adequate acknowledgement” by merely supplying a list of references or bibliography in their assignments (Sutherland-Smith 2008).

Furthermore, some students are not prepared for tertiary education (Sutherland-Smith 2008). They have poor time management skills, leaving their work till the very last minute. They will eventually decide to plagiarize other people’s work just to get their assignments done on time. Moreover, some students find it hard to summarize key ideas in complex readings. This will lead to students caught for plagiarizing the whole idea of someone else’s work.

Teachers and lecturers have to guide students and let them know what constitutes plagiarizing. Proper referencing and citation has to be taught in order to reduce plagiarism. Teachers can exercise small assessment tasks to build the skills to summarize main ideas from complex readings. Students have to understand that plagiarism is often damaging in terms of public perception of the standards of academic excellence of the university or college (Sutherland-Smith 2008).  

References

Aedy, R 2012, ‘Confessions of a plagiarist’, Media Report, posted 19 October, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/mediareport/confessions-of-a-plagiarist/4321306#transcript>
 
Check for Plagiarism n.d., ‘Cyber plagiarism & statistics’, Academic Paradigms, LLC, viewed 7 November 2013,  <http://www.checkforplagiarism.net/cyber-plagiarism>
 
Kelly, T 2011, ‘College plagiarism reaches all time high: Pew study’, The Huffington Post, posted 9 January, viewed 7 November 2013, <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/01/college-plagiarism-all-ti_n_944252.html>
 
Sutherland-Smith, W 2008, Plagiarism, the internet, and student learning: improving academic integrity,Taylor and Francis

YouTube vs Traditional TV


Source: swim.com.au


Eric Schmidt of Google claims that YouTube has already overtaken traditional TV (Legge 2013). YouTube’s search engine ranks second in popularity after Google. In recent months, YouTube managed to claim an audience of 1 billion unique visitors per month (Legge 2013). In 2011, Neilsen estimates that American viewers spend about 32 hours and 47 minutes watching traditional TV and much less time on the internet watching videos. The article entitled ‘Traditional TV has survived the net threat, but for how much longer?’ by John Naughton reports that viewers may no longer be able to distinguish videos that are made for TV and YouTube in the future. Google, who owns YouTube, have future plans for YouTube, which may pose as a serious threat to the TV industry (Naughton 2012).

In my opinion, YouTube does not pose a threat to traditional TV due to the different context of use and the amount of time users spend on YouTube.

The context of use for YouTube and traditional TV is different. YouTube is used as an alternative when traditional TV is not available. It is most useful when users are on the move and not at home because YouTube can be accessed from anywhere and at anytime. YouTube is only used at home when the users want to do a quick check up or listen to music. It is also used as a personal media device if the TV set is not nearby (Oksman et al 2007). 

Furthermore, the amount of time spent on YouTube is usually much shorter than the amount of time spent on conventional TV (Oksman et al 2007). YouTube requires an online internet connection therefore; users tend to get distracted by other online websites or social media. Users typically watch shorter lengths videos on YouTube and longer movies on the TV. Users will only watch films and longer programs on YouTube when the traditional TV is not available (Oksman et al 2007).

In conclusion, I don’t think that YouTube will pose as a threat to the traditional TV. After all, reports show that consumers spend less than three hours on YouTube per month (Simply Zesty Limited n.d.). This shows that people still watch TV the traditional way.

References                                                                    

Legge, J 2013, ‘That’s already happened: Google’s Eric Schmidt says YouTube has already overtaken traditional TV’, The Independent, posted 5 May, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/thats-already-happened-googles-eric-schmidt-says-youtube-has-already-overtaken-traditional-tv-8601048.html>

Naughton, J 2012, ‘Traditional TV has survived the net threat, but for how much longer?’, The Observer, posted 15 January, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/15/john-naughton-tv-versus-youtube>

Oksman, V, Noppari, E, Tammela, A, Makinen, M and Ollikainen, V 2007, Mobile TV in Everyday Life Contexts – Individual Entertainment or Shared Experiences, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 215-225

Simply Zesty n.d., ‘Online TV grows in popularity, but still playing catch-up with traditional media’, viewed 6 November 2013, <http://www.simplyzesty.com/Blog/Article/January-2012/Online-TV-Grows-In-Popularity,-But-Still-Playing-Catch-up-with-Traditional-Media>